From LEMP to FEMP. README updated.

2023-11-19 09:01:57 +00:00 · 2023-11-19 09:01:57 +00:00 · 14dd29920f
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+++ b/BASH.md
@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+# Comprehensive BASH Cheat Sheet
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [Basic Commands](#basic-commands)
+2. [Variables](#variables)
+3. [Conditionals](#conditionals)
+4. [Loops](#loops)
+5. [Functions](#functions)
+6. [File Operations](#file-operations)
+7. [Text Processing](#text-processing)
+8. [Pipelines](#pipelines)
+9. [Redirection](#redirection)
+10. [Processes](#processes)
+11. [Environment Variables](#environment-variables)
+12. [User Input](#user-input)
+13. [Error Handling](#error-handling)
+14. [Scripting](#bash-scripting-examples)
+15. [Functions with Parameters](#functions-with-parameters)
+16. [Arrays](#arrays)
+17. [Error Handling and Logging](#error-handling-and-logging)
+18. [Reading from Files](#reading-from-files)
+19. [Command-Line Arguments](#command-line-arguments)
+20. [Regular Expressions](#regular-expressions)
+21. [Math Operations](#math-operations)
+22. [Advanced I/O Redirection](#advanced-io-redirection)
+23. [Advanced Control Structures](#advanced-control-structures)
+24. [Job Control](#job-control)
+25. [Signals and Traps](#signals-and-traps)
+26. [Advanced Process Management](#advanced-process-management)
+
+## Basic Commands
+
+### Echo
+
+```bash
+echo "Hello, World!"
+```
+
+### Print Working Directory
+
+```bash
+pwd
+```
+
+### List Files
+
+```bash
+ls
+```
+
+### Change Directory
+
+```bash
+cd /path/to/directory
+```
+
+## Variables
+
+### Assigning Variables
+
+```bash
+variable_name="value"
+```
+
+### Accessing Variables
+
+```bash
+echo $variable_name
+```
+
+## Conditionals
+
+### If Statement
+
+```bash
+if [ condition ]; then
+    # Commands
+fi
+```
+
+### If-Else Statement
+
+```bash
+if [ condition ]; then
+    # Commands for true condition
+else
+    # Commands for false condition
+fi
+```
+
+### Case Statement
+
+```bash
+case "$variable" in
+    pattern1)
+        # Commands
+        ;;
+    pattern2)
+        # Commands
+        ;;
+    *)
+        # Default case
+        ;;
+esac
+```
+
+## Loops
+
+### For Loop
+
+```bash
+for item in list; do
+    # Commands
+done
+```
+
+### While Loop
+
+```bash
+while [ condition ]; do
+    # Commands
+done
+```
+
+### Until Loop
+
+```bash
+until [ condition ]; do
+    # Commands
+done
+```
+
+## Functions
+
+```bash
+function_name() {
+    # Commands
+}
+
+# Call the function
+function_name
+```
+
+## File Operations
+
+### Create a File
+
+```bash
+touch filename
+```
+
+### Create a Directory
+
+```bash
+mkdir directory_name
+```
+
+### Copy File
+
+```bash
+cp source_file destination
+```
+
+### Move/Rename File
+
+```bash
+mv old_filename new_filename
+```
+
+### Remove/Delete File
+
+```bash
+rm filename
+```
+
+## Text Processing
+
+### Concatenate Files
+
+```bash
+cat file1 file2
+```
+
+### Count Lines in a File
+
+```bash
+wc -l filename
+```
+
+### Grep (Search)
+
+```bash
+grep "pattern" filename
+```
+
+### Sed (Stream Editor)
+
+```bash
+sed 's/old_pattern/new_pattern/' filename
+```
+
+## Pipelines
+
+### Pipe Operator
+
+```bash
+command1 | command2
+```
+
+### Command Substitution
+
+```bash
+result=$(command)
+```
+
+## Redirection
+
+### Standard Output (stdout)
+
+```bash
+command > output.txt
+```
+
+### Standard Error (stderr)
+
+```bash
+command 2> error.txt
+```
+
+### Input Redirection
+
+```bash
+command < input.txt
+```
+
+## Processes
+
+### List Running Processes
+
+```bash
+ps
+```
+
+### Kill Process
+
+```bash
+kill process_id
+```
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+### Display All Variables
+
+```bash
+printenv
+```
+
+### Set Environment Variable
+
+```bash
+export MY_VARIABLE="value"
+```
+
+## User Input
+
+### Read User Input
+
+```bash
+read -p "Enter your name: " name
+```
+
+## Error Handling
+
+### Exit with Error Code
+
+```bash
+exit 1
+```
+
+### Trap Command
+
+```bash
+trap "echo 'Error occurred!'" ERR
+```
+
+## BASH Scripting Examples
+
+[Back to Top](#table-of-contents)
+
+1. [Functions with Parameters](#functions-with-parameters)
+2. [Arrays](#arrays)
+3. [Error Handling and Logging](#error-handling-and-logging)
+4. [Reading from Files](#reading-from-files)
+5. [Command-Line Arguments](#command-line-arguments)
+6. [Regular Expressions](#regular-expressions)
+7. [Math Operations](#math-operations)
+8. [Advanced I/O Redirection](#advanced-io-redirection)
+9. [Advanced Control Structures](#advanced-control-structures)
+10. [Job Control](#job-control)
+11. [Signals and Traps](#signals-and-traps)
+12. [Advanced Process Management](#advanced-process-management)
+
+## Functions with Parameters
+
+```bash
+function greet() {
+    echo "Hello, $1!"
+}
+
+greet "John"
+```
+
+## Arrays
+
+```bash
+# Declare an array
+my_array=("apple" "banana" "cherry")
+
+# Access an element
+echo ${my_array[1]}
+
+# Iterate over array elements
+for item in "${my_array[@]}"; do
+    echo $item
+done
+```
+
+## Error Handling and Logging
+
+```bash
+# Redirect stdout and stderr to a log file
+command > log.txt 2>&1
+
+# Check the exit status of a command
+if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "Command succeeded."
+else
+    echo "Command failed."
+fi
+```
+
+## Reading from Files
+
+```bash
+# Read lines from a file
+while IFS= read -r line; do
+    echo "$line"
+done < "filename.txt"
+```
+
+## Command-Line Arguments
+
+```bash
+# Access command-line arguments
+echo "Script name: $0"
+echo "First argument: $1"
+echo "Second argument: $2"
+```
+
+## Regular Expressions
+
+```bash
+# Check if a string matches a pattern
+if [[ "string" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+    echo "String is a number."
+fi
+```
+
+## Math Operations
+
+```bash
+# Perform arithmetic operations
+result=$((5 + 3))
+echo "Result: $result"
+```
+
+## Advanced I/O Redirection
+
+```bash
+# Redirect stdin from a file
+command < input.txt
+
+# Append to a file
+echo "New content" >> output.txt
+```
+
+## Advanced Control Structures
+
+```bash
+# Select Case statement
+fruit="apple"
+case $fruit in
+    "apple")
+        echo "It's an apple."
+        ;;
+    "banana")
+        echo "It's a banana."
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Unknown fruit."
+        ;;
+esac
+```
+
+## Job Control
+
+```bash
+# Run a command in the background
+command &
+
+# List background jobs
+jobs
+
+# Bring a background job to the foreground
+fg %1
+```
+
+## Signals and Traps
+
+```bash
+# Trap a signal
+trap 'echo "Signal received"; cleanup_function' INT TERM
+
+# Send a signal to a process
+kill -TERM process_id
+```
+
+## Advanced Process Management
+
+```bash
+# Get the process ID of a running command
+pid=$(pgrep process_name)
+
+# Check if a process is running
+if ps -p $pid > /dev/null; then
+    echo "Process is running."
+else
+    echo "Process is not running."
+fi
+```
+
--- a/FEMP.md
+++ b/FEMP.md
@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# Fedora based LEMP Setup List
+
+*Inspired by the version permutation nightmares caused by sites like [this one](https://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-install-nginx-with-php-and-mariadb-lemp-stack-on-fedora-32/*)*
+
+## Install packages
+
+### Massive swiss-army knife setup 
+
+```
+
+dnf install certbot certbot-nginx cockpit htop iftop iptraf nano openssh-server net-tools nginx* rsync screen vim wget && dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" "Web Server" "Mysql" "php"
+
+```
+
+### Or Less Extra
+
+`dnf install certbot certbot-nginx nginx `
+
+`dnf install vim nano rsync screen vim wget net-tools htop iftop iptraf openssh-server bash-completion`
+
+`dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" "Web Server" "Mysql" "php"`
+
+
+### More butter Rocky variant 
+ 
+`dnf install epel-release`
+
+`dnf install git vim nano rsync screen vim wget net-tools htop iftop iptraf openssh-server bash-completion mariadb mariadb-server certbot python3-certbot-nginx nginx php-fpm`
+
+`dnf groupinstall "Development Tools"`
+
+## Add non-root administrator
+
+`adduser user`
+
+`usermod -aG wheel user`
+
+`passwd user`
+
+`vi /etc/sudoers`
+
+`sudo -i -u user`
+
+## Configure SSH
+
+`ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096`
+
+### Change port and root login settings
+
+`vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config`
+
+### Add keys ( also see `ssh-copy-id` )
+
+`vi .ssh/authorized_keys`
+
+## Firewall settings
+
+```
+systemctl enable firewalld
+systemctl start firewalld
+systemctl stop firewalld
+systemctl restart firewalld
+firewall-cmd --state
+firewall-cmd --set-default-zone=public
+firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --list-services
+firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http
+firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=https
+firewall-cmd --add-port 20022/tcp
+firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port 20022/tcp
+firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port YOUR_PORT_HERE/tcp
+firewall-cmd --remove-service ssh --permanent
+firewall-cmd --reload
+systemctl reload firewalld
+
+```
+
+## MariaDB
+```
+systemctl enable mariadb
+systemctl start mariadb
+mysql_secure_installation # Y-N-Y-Y-Y-Y
+mysql -u root -p
+CREATE USER 'user1'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password1';
+CREATE USER 'namenode'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ':passwd';
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password1';
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user2'@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd2';
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
+SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user1'@localhost;
+SHOW GRANTS FOR 'user2'@localhost;
+CREATE DATABASE 'yourDB';
+SHOW DATABASES;
+DROP USER 'user1'@localhost; # Just for example to show how to delete a user
+```
+
+## Redis Setup
+
+`dnf install redis php-redis`
+
+`sudo systemctl enable --now redis`
+
+`vi /etc/redis/redis.conf` 
+
+Change bind (0.0.0.0), `requirepass`, `port (2*)`, `maxmemory` (256mb), and `maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru`.
+
+`systemctl restart redis`
+
+```
+firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=26379/tcp
+firewall-cmd --reload
+```
+
+## NGINX
+
+### Important working directories:
+```
+/usr/share/nginx/
+
+/etc/nginx/
+
+```
+### Create user working directory for custom configuration files:
+```
+mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-available  # Create a directory for nginx.conf files
+
+mkdir /usr/share/nginx/example.com/html -p  # Create new webroot with specified structure
+```
+
+### Now we can create a new config file to start with:
+
+`vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf`
+
+
+### Link it to active conf directory
+
+`ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/`
+
+### If it is required at some point, removing that symlink is as easy as:
+
+`rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf`
+
+
+### Now we edit the nginx.conf
+
+`vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf`
+
+
+### Set the following lines after the line "include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf" (if not already set):
+```
+server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; # Should already exist in recent versions 
+
+types_hash_max_size 4096; ## Should already be set
+
+``` 
+### Comment out the root location directive (Can uncomment after setup so as not to confuse cache while testing?)
+
+**To test and reload the configuration:**  
+
+`nginx -t`
+`systemctl reload nginx`
+
+### Simple recap moving forward:
+```
+systemctl start nginx
+systemctl restart nginx
+systemctl enable nginx
+systemctl status nginx
+systemctl reload nginx
+nginx -t
+mkdir /etc/nginx/sites-available
+mkdir /usr/share/nginx/example.com/html -p
+vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf
+ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
+vi /etc/nginx/nginx.com # comment out the root in default server block (troubleshooting)
+systemctl reload nginx
+```
+
+## PHP-FPM setup
+
+### Change user in configuration (nginx):
+
+`vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf`
+
+`systemctl enable php-fpm`
+
+`systemctl restart php-fpm`
+
+### PHP-OPCache setup
+
+`vi /etc/php.d/10-opcache.ini`
+
+```
+opcache.enable_cli=1
+opcache.memory_consumption=128
+opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
+opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
+opcache.revalidate_freq=60
+```
+
+`systemctl restart php-fpm`
+
+`systemctl reload nginx`
+
+### phpMyAdmin setup
+
+`dnf install phpmyadmin `
+
+`ln -s /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/ /usr/share/nginx/hosting.namenode.xyz/dbpma`
+
+`chown -R nginx:nginx /var/lib/php/session`
+
+`chown -R nginx:nginx /var/lib/phpMyAdmin`
+
+`chown -R nginx:nginx /etc/phpMyAdmin`
+
+`vi /etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php`
+
+```
+$cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = false;
+$cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowRoot'] = false;
+
+$cfg['TempDir'] = '/var/lib/phpMyAdmin/temp';
+
+```
+`systemctl reload php-fpm`
+
+`systemctl reload nginx`
+
+
+### Securing phpMyAdmin further
+```
+vi pass-infile ## make a password for openssl to encrypt - one line no spaces
+```
+```
+openssl passwd -in pass-infile ## Copy the output (your encrypted password)
+```
+```
+vi /etc/nginx/pma_pass # Create a user/pass pair for the authentication gateway.
+```
+### Format:
+```
+user:p@s$w0Rd # one line
+```
+### Add the required "dbpma" section
+
+`vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf`
+
+`systemctl reload nginx`
+
+[Install and secure PMA with NGINX Ubuntu 18.04](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-secure-phpmyadmin-with-nginx-on-an-ubuntu-18-04-server)
+
+
+## Cockpit Setup
+
+`vi /etc/cockpit/cockpit.conf`
+
+`vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.conf`
+
+[Proxying Cockpit over NGINX](https://github.com/cockpit-project/cockpit/wiki/Proxying-Cockpit-over-nginx)
+
+[Reverse proxy Cockpit over NGINX](https://www.freesoftwareservers.com/display/FREES/Reverse+Proxy+Cockpit+over+NGinX)
+
+
+## Certbot setup (Examples)
+```
+certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com
+
+certbot --nginx --agree-tos -d example.com -d www.example.com --email your-email-address
+
+certbot --nginx --agree-tos --redirect --hsts --staple-ocsp --must-staple -d example.com -d www.example.com --email your-email-address
+```
+
+`$ EDITOR=vim crontab -e`
+
+```
+25 2 * * 0 /usr/bin/certbot renew --quiet # Every Sunday 2:25am
+```
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
-# CheetSheetz
+# **CheetSheetz**

-## A compendium of various technical "cheat sheets".
+#### ***A compendium of various technical information.***

-### Cheat Sheets
- [CSS](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/CSS.md)
- [HTML](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/HTML.md)
- [JavaScript](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/javascript.md)
- [JavaScript Object Notation](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/JSON.md)
- [Markdown](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/markdown.md)
- [Perl](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/perl.md)
- [PHP](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/PHP.md)
- [Python](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/python.md)
- [SQL](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/SQL.md)
-### Guides
- [LEMP Guide](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/LEMP.md)
+## Cheat Sheets
+- [BASH - The Bourne Again Shell](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/BASH.md)
+- [CSS - Cascading Style Sheets](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/CSS.md)
+- [HTML - The HyperText Markup Language](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/HTML.md)
+- [JavaScript - But we all really mean ECMAScript](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/javascript.md)
+- [JSON - JavaScript Object Notation](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/JSON.md)
+- [Markdown - Markup slimmed Down](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/markdown.md)
+- [Perl - Practical Extraction and Reporting Language](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/perl.md)
+- [PHP - Proper Hypertext Pre-processor](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/PHP.md)
+- [Python - High-level, general-purpose programming language](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/python.md)
+- [SQL - Structured Query Language](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/SQL.md)
+
+## Guides
+- [FEMP Guide - Fedora, Nginx, MariaDB and PHP](https://git.namenode.xyz/CSnap/cheetsheetz/src/branch/main/FEMP.md)

 ![CheetSheetz](https://namenode.xyz/img/badges/cheetsheetzbadge.png)
 ![Formatted using Markdown](https://namenode.xyz/img/badges/markdownbadge.png)