# Python Cheat Sheet

## Variables and Data Types

### Variables
# Declaring a variable
x = 5
# Reassigning a variable
x = 10

### Data Types
# Integer
x = 5
# Float
x = 5.0
# Boolean
x = True
# String
x = "Hello, World!"

## Operators
# Arithmetic Operators
+, -, *, /, %, **
# Comparison Operators
==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
# Logical Operators
and, or, not

## Control Structures

### Conditional Statements
# If statement
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
elif x == 5:
    print("x is equal to 5")
else:
    print("x is less than 5")

### Loops
# For loop
for i in range(0, 5):
    print(i)
# While loop
i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1

## Functions
# Defining a function
def my_function(param1, param2):
    print(param1 + param2)
# Calling a function
my_function(5, 10)

## Lists
# Declaring a list
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Accessing elements of a list
my_list[0]  # returns 1
my_list[-1] # returns 5
# Slicing a list
my_list[1:3] # returns [2, 3]
# Appending to a list
my_list.append(6)
# Removing from a list
my_list.remove(2)

## Dictionaries
# Declaring a dictionary
my_dict = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
# Accessing elements of a dictionary
my_dict["key1"]  # returns "value1"
# Adding to a dictionary
my_dict["key3"] = "value3"
# Removing from a dictionary
del my_dict["key2"]

## Classes
# Declaring a class
class MyClass:
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        self.param1 = param1
        self.param2 = param2
    
    def my_method(self):
        print(self.param1 + self.param2)
# Creating an instance of a class
my_instance = MyClass(5, 10)
# Calling a method of a class
my_instance.my_method()

## Exceptions
# Catching an exception
try:
    # some code that may raise an exception
except ExceptionType:
    # do something to handle the exception
# Raising an exception
raise ExceptionType("Error message")